аЯрЁБс>ўџ 13ўџџџ0џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС9 №П0 bjbj§Я§Я;.ŸЅŸЅњ5џџџџџџl<<<<<<<PPPP8ˆ ”$PбЖФФккккккPRRRRRR$‡ ЇЈv<кккккv*<<кк‹***кX<к<кP*кP**,<<,кИ `~ЭоJФPP2R,,$Ё0б,O„ІO,*PP<<<<йA Call for Fundamental Reform: ‘The poor should be considered as full citizens and not simply victims, as full citizens and not simply recipients, as full citizens and not merely beneficiaries or charity cases....Unless we put people, and particularly those that have been historically excluded, at the centre of public life, our development goals will continue to evade us.’ Kumi Naidoo, Secretary General, Civicus As the UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan has recently highlighted, we live at a critical juncture in world history. It is one that urgently calls for both a return to processes of multilateralism and the international legal framework of human rights, and their reform to meet the challenges of peace and international cooperation. Aid alone plays a minor role in restructuring such an effective multilateral system for the 21st century; nevertheless aid is also a critical resource through which donors have structured a relationship with developing countries for more than four decades. But will the global community, both nations and citizens’ organisations, find the creativity and building blocks for dialogue on the democratisation of governance and the promotion of rights through the aid regime? The Reality of Aid network has set out some proposals for such reforms, in both the multilateral and national realms, and is committed to pursue them vigorously. They are: 1. Governance and Human Rights Donor countries must carry out their development cooperation programmes so that governance reflects their binding obligations under human rights law and the rights based approach in line with internationally agreed human rights instruments, including the right to development. Governance has been given a wide range of interpretations, but what it must mean is a framework based on democratic governance and human rights, which leads to a national political process that is democratic and based on the principles of law and human rights. In practice, the ill-defined governance sector provides for the most part a space for pursuing a range of donor interests with aid money. The principles of good governance apply to the management of international cooperation and aid institutions as much as to developing countries. 2. Governance and Conditionality Imposed conditions are incompatible with democratic governance. Any terms must be fairly and transparently negotiated with participation of and accountability to people living in poverty and in line with the principles of international human rights and a rights based approach. Good governance should not be a vehicle for imposing market based approaches. Conditionality cannot even be justified on the basis of effectiveness. PRSPs that simply embody International Financial Institution prescriptions, leave little room for authentic local and national debate. Where accountability is essentially to the IFIs, rather than local stakeholders, these plans not consistent with the principles of democratic governance and human rights, which are essential preconditions for effective strategies to eradicate poverty. 3. Achieving the MDGs The MDGs are an expression of commitment to economic social and cultural rights and define a set of steps to enable those rights to be realised. If MDGs are to contribute to international goal of poverty eradication, efforts to achieve them must be founded on strategies that empower and recognise the rights of all people, including all the poor no matter where they live. Donors must comply with their obligation contained in Goal 8 specifically increasing ODA to the UN target of 0.7% of GNI, improving the quality of their aid for poverty reduction and achieving debt cancellation for the poorest countries. The emphasis on a global partnership in Millennium Goal 8 is welcome. But in promoting ‘an open, rule-based trading and financial system’, envisaging cooperation with the private sector and encouraging competition in the global economy, there are real dangers that the poverty imperative will in practice be overwhelmed by corporate and donor national interests and that the rules adopted will be no different to current rules which reinforce unequal power relations. 4. Governance of the International Financial Institutions The International Financial Institutions that are mandated to support the fight against poverty embody entrenched inequalities or power and wealth in their systems of governance. The IFIs must not remain the monopoly providers of policy advice on governance reform or the gatekeepers on resource transfers. Aid should support governments, representative institutions and legislatures, in formulating national poverty reduction strategies. Aid should not determine the process. 5. Diversion of Aid for Donors’ Security Interests Aid should be treated as money held in trust for people in poverty. Current attempts to divert resources for poverty reduction to pay for donors’ security interests are the most serious expression of the endemic problem of aid resources being hijacked to fund rich country priorities. 6. Reinvigorating Multilateralism The imperatives of poverty eradication and democratic governance underline the obligations to reinvigorate multilateralism, in the current context of the adverse global impact of unilateralism, especially the practices of the US government and its allies. In pursuing governance and rights, clearly politics matters. While we may fear that counterterrorism measures may have subsumed the spirit of Monterrey and dashed hopes for international cooperation on financing for development, we must never lose the dream that continues to inspire millions of marginalised and poor people to struggle to secure their rights in their daily lives and in the politics of their particular locale. Indeed it is our obligation as citizens and governments to accompany and sustain people in their efforts to eradicate poverty. The selective way that donors interpret ideas of governance and human rights is not consistent with a genuine rights approach to development and poverty. There may be conflicts between international obligations to comply with UN treaty obligations and IFIs conditions or WTO agreements. In such a situation, governments may be left with no choice but simply to ignore the human rights treaty obligations, as the pressure from largely donor-imposed conditionality is stronger. Countries may be punished for violating IFIs and WTO conditions, but not those of the UN. Civil society networks in the Reality of Aid focus their policy and advocacy attention on issues in democratic governance. As such, governance is not an end in itself, to be engineered through technical assistance and policy interventions by donors. Rather it is fundamentally about politics, power and the exercise of rights in society, and is therefore an evolving and particular process that may take decades. Two decades of secret negotiations for structural reforms have removed the political locus for national decision making away from domestic political checks and balances where citizens have a potential influence on public policy. The Reality of Aid 2004 Key Messages  PAGE 1  yOQy ˜ е ї *A~К™Ььњў   " # ) * + , / 0 ярарРрярярярярярярДІДІŸœŸ”Ÿр0JmHnHu0J j0JU5CJOJQJ\^JaJ5CJOJQJ^JaJCJH*OJQJ^JaJmH sH 6CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 5CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH  z{|ЄЅЩЪx y ™ š Џ А З И љљюАљљљІІІІІІІљ˜љ ЦV@„V7$8$H$`„V ЦV@7$8$H$=$$If–lжЋъ ? tрі6ііжџжџжџжџ4ж4ж laі $7$8$H$If7$8$H$њ/ §§И C D д е ї ј ]^ЅІ)*ABЙКЈЉ}~ЙК˜ѕѕыхѕѕѕхллххыхѕѕѕѕыхыхѕѕѕ „7$8$H$`„7$8$H$ „V7$8$H$`„V ЦV@7$8$H$˜™ЭЮыь>?йкvwњ  љяяяљяяяљхљлљЭљПљхЖЖ $7$8$H$a$„Хў„V7$8$H$]„Хў`„V„7џ„V7$8$H$]„7џ`„V „7$8$H$`„ „V7$8$H$`„V ЦV@7$8$H$7$8$H$ ! " - . / 0 §§ћљћћя „V7$8$H$`„V90PАа/ Ар=!А"А# $ %А P0ђxђађx i8@ёџ8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@ђџЁD Standardskrift for avsnitt2@ђ2 Topptekst  ЦрР!2 @2 Bunntekst  ЦрР! )@Ђ! 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